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Algoritmos y Programación II
09-Abril-1997
Recursividad
Un objeto es recursivo si está parcial o totalmente definido en términos de sí mismo. Permite que algo que sea infinito pueda ser definido de forma finita. Un programa es recursivo si se puede llamar a sí mismo.
Toda definición recursiva tiene dos partes:
Base: Se definen los elementos del conjuntos que servirán para crear el resto del conjunto con la ayuda de:
Reglas de recurrencia: Reglas que permiten crear un elemento a partir de elementos ya creados.
Ejemplo:
1. Algoritmo para calcular el factorial de un numero entero y positivo. Si n> 0, se define,
n! = n(n-1)(n-2)...3·2·1
n! = n·(n-1)!
Necesitamos una base : si cumple una condición deberemos acabar la ejecución para evitar bucles infinitos.
(a) 0! = 1
(b) si n>0 aleshores n! = n*(n-1)!
(a) es la base y (b) la regla de recurrencia.
El algoritmo recursivo para calcular el factorial es:
funcio fact(n:enter):enter
inici
si n=0 aleshores
fact<-1 {(a)}
sino
fact<-n*fact(n-1) {(b)}
fisi
fi
Este algoritmo es recursivo, no iterativo. Cuando se usen bucles for o while no se deberá implementar recursividad.
2. Sucesión de Fibonacci: 1,1,2,3,5,8,... an=an-1+an-2
(a) Definición recursiva:
Si n>1 fib(n) = fib (n-1) + fib (n-2)
si n = 0 o n=1 fib (0) = fib (1) = 1
(b) Algoritmos:
funcio Fibonacci ( n: enter):enter;
inici
fib<-1
if n<>0 i n<>1 aleshores
fib = Fibonacci (n-1) + Fibonacci (n-2)
fisi
Fibonacci = fib
fi
Para una n=4, habremos llamado 9 veces a la función Fibonacci.
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Enviado por: Xavi Royo Melero, Xavier Mondragon Fuentes Idioma: castellanoPaís: España