REPORTED SPEECH

Utilizamos el estilo indirecto cuando queremos comunicar a alguien lo que otra persona ha dicho, sin usar las palabras exactas que ésta utilizó.

• Cambios de los tiempos verbales:

• Cambios de los verbos modales:

Los otros verbos modales no cambian.

• El verbo introductor en los estilos directo e indirecto suele ser say . En el estilo directo, cuando el verbo va sseguido de un objeto de persona, podemos emplear say to, o bien tell.
  Ejemplo:
  `I'm hungry', he said to me
  `I'm working tonight', he told me.

Sin embargo en el estilo indirecto , sólo se utilizaría told.

• Los pronombres y adjetivos posesivos de primera persona cambian a tercera persona.
  Ej: He said `I can't find my keys'.
  He said (that) he couldn't find his keys

• El pronombre you cambia a I.
  Ej: He said `You look tired'
  He said I looked tired.
  Nota: He said, `You look tired, Jane'. - He told Jane she looked tired

• Otras expresiones que cambian:

b)Reported questions (Oraciones interrogativas)

Los cambios de los tiempos verbales son los mismos que los de las oraciones declarativas indirectas

Nota: El orden de las palabras de la pregunta original cambia al orden de una oración declarativa. El sujeto va inmediatamente detrás del pronombre interrogativo, y el verbo, detrás del sujeto.

Ejemplo:

Las Yes/no questions van introducidas por las conjunciones if o whether.

Ejemplo:

He said, `Can I use your pen?'

He asked me if / whether he could use my pen.

b)Reporting verbs (Verbos introductores del estilo indirecto)

• Oración introducida por that:

Say - tell (+ objeto) - explain - suggest - insist - promise - warn - admit - agree - remind claim - complain - reply

Ejemplos:

He promised that he would paint the house the followin week.

She suggested we should stay at home.

She told me that she would arrive late

• Verbo + objeto + to + infinitivo:

Ask - tell - order - advise - warn - invite

Ejemplos:

They asked us to stay longer.

She warned me to be careful

• Verbo acabado en -ing.

Apologise for - suggest - recommend - admit - insit on - accuse someone of

Ejemplos:

They acused him of robbing the bank.

They admitted stealing the money.

REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS.-

Introductory verbs: the verb “say” may introduced commands in direct speech but it must be changed to a verb of command in reported speech, e.g.: beg, command, forbid, order, tell, know, ask... + personal object without preposition.

Indirect commands are usually expressed by a verb of command + object without preposition + to infinitive.

Negative commands are usually reported by not + to infinitive.

When we turn a command into reported speech, it is necessary to change the pronouns and possessive adjectives and adverbs of time and place as in the statements.