SIMPLE PRESENT, SIMPLE PAST and SIMPLE FUTURE

The active object becomes the passive subject.

am/is/are + past participle

was/were + past participle

will + be + past participle

is/are going to be + past participle

Simple Present Active:

The movie fascinates me.

The movie bores Jack.

The movie surprises them.

Simple Present Passive:

I am fascinated by the movie.

Jack is bored by the movie.

They are surprised by the movie.

Simple Past Active:

The movie bored me.

The movie fascinated Jack.

The movie surprised them.

Simple Past Passive:

I was bored by the movie.

Jack was fascinated by the movie.

They were surprised by the movie.

Future with WILL Active:

I will mail the gift.
Jack will mail the gifts.

Future with WILL Passive:

The gift will be mailed by me.
The gifts will be mailed by Jack.

Future with GOING TO Active:

I am going to make the cake.
Sue is going to make two cakes.

Future with GOING TO Passive:

The cake is going to be made by me.
Two cakes are going to be made by Sue.

PRESENT and PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)
Passive form:
am/is/are + being + past participle
was/were + being + past participle

Present Continuous Active:

I am helping Shannon.
June is helping Su and Ling.

Present Continuous Passive:

Shannon is being helped by me.
Su and Ling are being helped by June.

Past Continuous Active:

I was cleaning the bathroom.
They were cleaning the bedroom.
Susan was cleaning the kitchen and patio.

Past Continuous Passive:

The bathroom was being cleaned by me.
The bedroom was being cleaned by them.
The kitchen and patio were being cleaned by Susan.

PRESENT PERFECT, PAST PERFECT and FUTURE PERFECT
Passive form:
have/has been + past participle
had been + past participle

Present Perfect Active:

I have mailed the postcard.

Jason has mailed the postcards.

Present Perfect Passive:

The postcard has been mailed by me.

The postcards have been mailed by Jack.

Past Perfect Active:

Steven Spielberg had directed the movie.
Penny Marshall had directed those movies.

Past Perfect Passive:

The movie had been directed by Steven Spielberg.
The movies had been directed by Penny Marshall.

Future Perfect Active:

John will have finished the project next month.
They will have finished the projects before then.

Future Perfect Passive:

The project will have beenfinished by next month.
The projects will have been finished before then.

PRESENT/FUTURE MODALS

The passive form follows this pattern:

modal + be + past participle

WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT) Active:

Sharon will invite Tom to the party.

Sharon won't invite Jeff to the party.

(Sharon will not invite Jeff to the party.)

WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT) Passive:

Tom will be invited to the party by Sharon.

Jeff won't be invited to the party by Sharon.

(Jeff will not be invited to the party by Sharon.)

CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) Active:

Mai can foretell the future.

Terry can't foretell the future.

(Terry can not foretell the future.)

CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) Passive:

The future can be foretold by Mai.

The future can't be foretold by Terry.

(The future can not be foretold by Terry.)

MAY / MAY NOT and

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Active:

That company may offer Katya a new contract.

That company might offer Katya a new contract.

The lazy students may not do the homework.

The lazy students might not do the homework.

MAY / MAY NOT and

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Passive:

Katya may be offered a new contract.
Katya might be offered a new contract.

The homework may not bedone by the lazy students.
The homework might not be done by the lazy students.

SHOULD / SHOULDN'T Active:

Students should memorize English verbs.

Children shouldn't smoke cigarettes.

SHOULD / SHOULDN'T Passive:

English verbs should be memorized by students.

Cigarettes shouldn't be smoked by children.

OUGHT TO Active:

Students ought to learn English verbs.

(negative ought to is rarely used)

OUGHT TO Passive:

English verbs ought to bememorized by students.

(negative ought to is rarely used)

HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT Active:

Students had better practice English every day.

Children had better not drink whiskey.

HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT Passive:

English had better be practiced every day by students.

Whiskey had better not be drunk by children.

MUST / MUST NOT Active:

Tourists must apply for a passport to travel.

Customers must not use that door.

MUST / MUST NOT Passive:

A passport to travel must be applied for.

That door must not be used by customers.

HAS TO / DOESN'T HAVE TO and

HAVE TO / DON'T HAVE TO Active:

She has to practice English every day.

Maria doesn't have to clean her bedroom every day.

Sara and Miho have to wash the dishes every day.

The kids don't have to clean their bedrooms every day.

HAS TO / DOESN'T HAVE TO and

HAVE TO / DON'T HAVE TO Passive:

English has to be practiced every day.

Her bedroom doesn't have to be cleaned every day.

The dishes have to be washed by them every day.

Their bedrooms don't have to be cleaned every day.

BE SUPPOSED TO Active:

I am supposed to type the composition.

I am not supposed to copy the stories in the book.

Janet is supposed to clean the living room.

She isn't supposed to eat candy and gum.

Frank and Jane are supposed to make tonight's dinner. They aren't supposed to make dessert.

BE SUPPOSED TO Passive:

The composition is supposed to be typed by me.

The stories in the book are not supposed to be copied.

The living room is supposed to be cleaned by Janet.

Candy and gum aren't supposed to be eaten by her.

Tonight's dinner is supposed to be made by them.

Dessert isn't supposed to be made by them.

PAST MODALS

The past passive form follows this pattern:

modal + have been + past participle

SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE Active:

The students should have learned the verbs.

The kids shouldn't have broken the window.

SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE Passive:

The verbs should have been learned by the students.

The window shouldn't have been broken by the kids.

OUGHT TO Active:

Students ought to have learned the verbs.

(negative ought to is rarely used)

OUGHT TO Passive:

The verbs ought to have been learned by the students.

(negative ought to is rarely used)

BE SUPPOSED TO Active:

I was supposed to type the composition.

I wasn't supposed to copythe story in the book.

Janet was supposed to clean the living room.

She wasn't supposed to eat candy and gum.

Frank and Jane were supposed to make dinner.

They weren't supposed to make dessert.

BE SUPPOSED TO Passive:

The composition was supposed to be typed.

The story in the book wasn't supposed to be copied.

The living room was supposed to be cleaned by Janet.

Candy and gum weren't supposed to be eaten by her.

Dinner was supposed to be made by them.

Dessert wasn't supposed to be made by them.

MAY / MAY NOT and

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Active:

That firm may have offered Katya a new job.

That firm might have offered Katya a new job.

The students may not have written the paper.

The students might not have written the paper.

MAY / MAY NOT and

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Passive:

Katya may have been offered a new job by that firm.
Katya might have been offered a new job by that firm.

The paper may not have been written by the students.

The paper might not have been written by the students.