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PISTAS EN RMN
H-RMN
10-12 ppm: Protón de un ácido.
9-10 ppm: Protón de aldehido.
6.5-8.5 ppm: Protón de aromáticos.
4.5-6.5 ppm: Protón de doble enlace.
3.5-4.5 ppm: Protón de C sp3 unido a O.(H-C-O).
3-4 ppm: Protón de C unido a N.(H-C-N).
0-2.5 ppm: Protón de C sp3 unido a otro C.
Entorno a 1 ppm: Protón de metilos (caso particular: CH3-Csp3).
Entorno a 2 ppm: Protón de metilos unidos a: CH3-C=C- /// CH3-C=O.
Entorno a 2.5 ppm: Protón de triple enlace.
Grupos OH y NH. Grupos especiales. Pueden salir en cualquier zona del espectro, suelen ser singuletes anchos (a veces son estrechos). En general no se acoplan, por eso son singuletes. Con Dimetil sulfóxido deuterado o en agua deuterada no tienen por qué ser singuletes, por que los protones son intercambiables con D2O, la señal desaparece.
C-RMN
180-220: Carbonilos (Aldehidos (doblete) y cetonas).
160-180: Carboxilos (y derivados de ácidos).
105-145: Dobles enlaces, C sp2 de aromáticos. (Si en C sp2 está unido a un heteroátomo. se desplaza su señal entre 140-150, pej: Ph-COO- , sale a 155.
90-100: Carbonos unidos a dos heteroátomos, pej halógenos.
75-125: Triple enlace, C sp. Son singletes. También salen los isonitrilos.
30-75: Carbonos sp3 unidos a heteroátomos.
55-75: Carbonos sp3 unidos a oxigeno.
45-55: Carbonos sp3 unido a N.
35-40: Carbonos sp3 unido a un heteroátomo.
Salen a menos ppm : CH3 < CH2 < CH.
20-25 : CH3-C= (sp2)
10-15: CH3-CH2(sp3)
Ejemplos : - CH3 - X sale a 55.
O-CH3 sale a 60 en C ( 4ppm en H)
¿O-CH2-CH3 cuatriplete a 10 y triplete a 60 (t a 1 ppm y q a 4 ppm en H).?
O=C-CH3 (metilo a 29 en C).
Ph-O-CH3 (metilo a 55 en C).
-O-CH2-CH3 , metileno a 60 y metilo a 15.
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Enviado por: Lorenzo Ortega Idioma: castellanoPaís: España