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Los alquinos son hidrocarburos cuyas moléculas contienen el triple enlace carbono-carbono .
Propiedades físicas
Síntesis
Reacciones
Como podría esperarse,las propiedades físicas de los alquinos son muy similares a las de los alquenos y los alcanos.Los alquinos son ligeramente solubles en agua aunque son algo más solubles que los alquenos y los alcanos.A semejanza de los alquenos y alcanos, los alquinos son solubles en disolventes de baja polaridad ,como tetracloruro de carbono,éter y alcanos.Los alquinos, al igual que los alquenos y los alcanos son menos densos que el agua. Los tres primeros alquinos son gases a temperatura ambiente .
Existen tres procedimientos para la obtención de alquinos:
Para que se produzca esta última reacción es necesario utilizar haloalcanos primarios .
Reacciones de los alquinos
Muchas de las reacciones de los alquinos son reacciones de adición que siguen el siguiente esquema:
Otras de las reacciones de los alquinos se deben a la acidez del hidrógeno de los alquinos terminales .
Tipo
Reacción
Hidrogenación
Hidro- halogenación (X = Cl, Br, I) (markovnikov)
Hidro- bromación con peróxidos (antimarkovnikov)
Hidratación (markovnikov)
Hidroboración- oxidación (antimarkovnikov)
Halogenación (X = Cl, Br)
Ozonólisis
Tratamiento con KMnO4 en caliente
Acidez de alquinos terminales
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Enviado por: Paola Valcárcel Idioma: castellanoPaís: España