THE PRESENT SIMPLE

• USE

1º- A habitual action

2º- Facts

3º- Verbs which are not usually used in the continuous forms ( senses and feeling).

• FORM

Statement

I go

He, She , It goes

We, You, they go

Negative

I do not/ don't go

He, She, it does not/ doesn't go

We, You, They do not/ don't go

Questions

Do I go?

Does he, she, it go?

Do we, you, they go?

• TIME EXPRESSIONS

At the beginning or end of the sentence

Every day / week / month

All the time

Before the verb

Always generally

Never often

Sometimes usually

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

• USE

1º- An action that is happening at the time of speaking.

2º- An action that is temporary and incomplete.

• FROM

Statement

I am going

He, she, it is going.

We, you, they are going.

Negative

I am not / ´m not going.

He, she, it is not / isn't going.

We, you, they are not / aren't going.

Questions

Am I going?

Is he, she, it going?

Are we, you, they going?

• TIME ESPRESSIONS

At the beginning or end of sentence

Now

Right now

At the moment

This week / month / year

Examples the present simple and present continuous

• Present simple

Every week I wash my hair. She walks to school every day.

I go to school every day. The sun rises in the east.

She doesn't usually eat meat. I think this picture is nice.

• Present continuous

I am washing the dog now. She is walking to school now

They are building a new cinema this year. Look! The sun is rising.

They are drawing pictures this week in class.

Some verbs that are not usually used in the continuous from are:

See, seem, love, like, think, appear, hate, want, guess, look like.

Example:

I like bright colours.

MODALS I

CAN AND COULD

• USE

1º- To talk about ability or knowledge.

2º- to ask for and give permission

• FORM

Statement

I, he, she, it can / could use the smart cards.

We, you they

Negative

I, he, she, it can not (can't) / couldn't pay.

We, you, they

Questions

I, he, she, it borrow some money?.

Can / Could /must we, you, they

Examples:

I can drive a car.

I can't use computer.

Could I use your phoned.

Can you see the phone across the road? (ability)

My brothers could swim at the age of four . ( ability in the past)

Dan can't speak French. Can you speak French?. (knowledge)

Can I / could I use your phone? (asking for permission)

You can see him now. (giving permission)

MUST

• USE

1º- to talk about necessity

• FORM

Statement

I, he, she, it must use smarts cards.

We, you, they

Negative

I, he, she, it mustn't pay.

We, you, they

Questions

Must I, he, she, it borrow some money?.

We, you, they

Examples:

You must check your card.

He mustn't call on that phone.

Must we take a test?

Wait a minute! I must make a phoned call.

We mustn't drink and drive.

HAVE TO

• USE

1º- to talk about obligation and necessity.

• FORM

Statement

I, we, you they have to work.

He, she, it has to work.

I, we, you they had to work.

He, she, it

I, we, you, they will have to work.

He, she, it

Negative

I, we, you, they don't have to work

He, she, it doesn't have to work.

I, we, you they didn't have to work.

He, she, it

I, we, you, they won't have to work.

He, she, it

Questions

Do I, we, you, they have to work?

Does he, she, it have to work.?

I, we, you, they have to work?.

Did he, she, it

Will I, we, you, they have to work?

He, she, it

Examples

I had to use my computer last week.

They didn't have to spend a lot of money.

Do I have to be home by 10.00?.

You have to pay your phoned bill.

We don't have to drive. We can walk.

PAST SIMPLE

• USE

An action that started and finished in the past.

• FORM

Statement

I, he, she, it sailed.

We, you they

Negative

I, he, she, it didn't sail.

We, you they

Questions

Did I, he, she, it sail?

We, you they

• TIME ESPRESSIONS

Yesterday last Monday /year

Once an hour / a long time ago

When in 1970 / in the 18th century

Examples:

She didn't go to the cinema last night.

Da Gama reached India in 1498.

We travelled a lot when we were young.

When did he arrive in America?

Who sailed to India in 1498?

PAST CONTINUOUS

• USE

1º- A continuous action in the past.

2º-Two simultaneous actions in the past

3º- An action interrupted by another in the past

• FORM

Statement

I, he, she, it was sailing.

We, you, they were sailing.

Negative

I, he, she, it was not / wasn't sailing.

We , you, they were not / weren't sailing.

Questions

Was I, he, she, it sailing?
were we, you they sailing?

• TIME EXPRESSIONS

While

As

Examples:

I was sailing down the river.

While he was sailing down the river, the sun was shining.

As we sailing down the river, we lost our canoe.

I was reading last night.

While we were sleeping, animals were making strange noises.

As they were sailing down the river, they lost their canoe.

THE FUTURE

WILL

• USE

The future, expectations predictions, plans, intentions.

• FORM

Statement

I, he, she, it will travel.

We, you, they

Negative

I, he, she, it will not (won't) travel.

We, you, they

Questions

Will I, he, she, it travel?

We, you, they

• TIME EXPRESSIONS

Tomorrow, later, in a hour / a minute / a year, in the future, next week, soon

Examples:

We will / we'll arrive home by 9 pm.

They will not / won't arrive before 9 pm.

Will you book a flight for me, please

THE FUTURE

Be going to

• USE

The future, expectations, predictions, plans, intentions

• FORM

Statement

I am going to travel

He, she, it is going to travel

We, you, they are going to travel

Negative

I am not (I'm not) going to travel

He, she, it is not (isn't) going to travel

We, you, they are not (aren't) going to travel

Questions

Am I going to travel

Is he, she, it going to travel

Are we, you, they going to travel

• TIME EXPRESSIONS

Tomorrow, later, in a hour / a minute / a year in the future next week soon

Examples

Look at the clouds. It is / It's going to rain.

We are / We're not going to eat out tonight.

Are we going to land soon?

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

• USE

Actions that happened in the past but are connected to the present

Actions that began in the past and continue into the present

• FORM EXAMPLES

Statement

I, we, you, they have heard. * He has shown a deep interest in the

He, she, it has heard. Paranormal.

Negative

I, we, you, they have not (haven't) heard. * I haven't seen a UFO.

He, she, it has not (hasn't) heard.

Questions

Have I, we, you, they heard? * Have you ever solved a crime?

• TIME EXPRESSIONS

Since * We've been here since 10.00 this morning.

For * The X- files has been on TV for several

Years.

How long? * how long have you lived in Spain?