-CITE-

7 USC CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND

TRADE 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

.

-HEAD-

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

-MISC1-

SUBCHAPTER I - FINDINGS, POLICY, AND PURPOSE

Sec.

5201. Findings.

5202. Policy.

5203. Purpose.

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

PART A - GENERAL PROVISIONS

5211, 5212. Repealed.

5213. Joint development assistance agreements with certain trading

partners.

(a) Development of plan.

(b) Agreement.

5214. Reorganization evaluation.

5215, 5216. Repealed.

PART B - FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE

5231 to 5233. Repealed.

5234. Cooperator organizations.

(a) Sense of Congress.

(b) Commodities for cooperator organizations.

(c) Relation to funds.

(d) Conflicts of interest.

(e) Evaluation.

5235. Authorization of additional appropriations.

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7 USC SUBCHAPTER I - FINDINGS, POLICY, AND PURPOSE 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER I - FINDINGS, POLICY, AND PURPOSE

.

-HEAD-

SUBCHAPTER I - FINDINGS, POLICY, AND PURPOSE

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7 USC Sec. 5201 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER I - FINDINGS, POLICY, AND PURPOSE

-HEAD-

Sec. 5201. Findings

-STATUTE-

Congress finds that -

(1) United States agricultural exports have declined by more

than 36 percent since 1981, from $43,800,000,000 in 1981 to

$27,900,000,000 in 1987;

(2) the United States share of the world market for

agricultural commodities and products has dropped by 20 percent

during the last 6 years;

(3) for the first time in 15 years, the United States incurred

monthly agricultural trade deficits in 1986;

(4) the loss of $1,000,000,000 in United States agricultural

exports causes the loss of 35,000 agricultural jobs and the loss

of 60,000 nonagricultural jobs;

(5) the loss of agricultural exports threatens family farms and

the economic well-being of rural communities in the United

States;

(6) factors contributing to the loss of United States

agricultural exports include changes in world agricultural

markets such as -

(A) the addition of new exporting nations;

(B) innovations in agricultural technology;

(C) increased use of export subsidies designed to lower the

price of commodities on the world market;

(D) the existence of barriers to agricultural trade;

(E) the slowdown in the growth of world food demand in the

1980's due to cyclical economic factors, including currency

fluctuations and a debt-related slowdown in the economic growth

of agricultural markets in certain developing countries; and

(F) the rapid buildup of surplus stocks as a consequence of

favorable weather for agricultural production during the

1980's;

(7) increasing the volume and value of exports is important to

the financial well-being of the farm sector in the United States

and to increasing farm income in the United States;

(8) in order to increase agricultural exports and improve

prices for farmers and ranchers in the United States, it is

necessary that all agricultural export programs of the United

States be used in an expeditious manner, including programs

established under the Agricultural Trade Development and

Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.), the Commodity

Credit Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714 et seq.), and

section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1431);

(9) greater use should be made by the Secretary of Agriculture

of the authorities established under section 4 (FOOTNOTE 1) of

the Food for Peace Act of 1966 (7 U.S.C. 1707a), the Agricultural

Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 et

seq.), section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C.

1431), and the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15

U.S.C. 714 et seq.) to provide intermediate credit financing and

other assistance for the establishment of facilities in importing

countries to -

(FOOTNOTE 1) See References in Text note below.

(A) improve the handling, marketing, processing, storage, and

distribution of imported agricultural commodities and products;

and

(B) increase livestock production to enhance the demand for

United States feed grains;

(10) food aid and export assistance programs in developing

countries stimulate economic activity which causes incomes to

rise, and, as incomes rise, diets improve and the demand for and

ability to purchase food increases;

(11) private voluntary organizations and cooperatives are

important and successful partners in our food aid and development

programs; and

(12) in addition to meeting humanitarian needs, food aid used

in sales and barter programs by private voluntary organizations

and cooperatives -

(A) provides communities with health care, credit systems,

and tools for development; and

(B) establishes the infrastructure that is essential to the

expansion of markets for United States agricultural commodities

and products.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4101, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.

1388.)

-REFTEXT-

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954,

referred to in pars. (8) and (9), is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68

Stat. 454, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 41

(Sec. 1691 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of

this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section

1691 of this title and Tables.

The Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act, referred to in

pars. (8) and (9), is act June 29, 1948, ch. 704, 62 Stat. 1070, as

amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (Sec. 714

et seq.) of chapter 15 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For

complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title

note set out under section 714 of Title 15 and Tables.

Section 4 of the Food for Peace Act of 1966 (7 U.S.C. 1707a),

referred to in par. (9), was repealed by Pub. L. 101-624, title XV,

Sec. 1574, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702. See subchapter II (Sec.

5621 et seq.) of chapter 87 of this title.

-MISC2-

SHORT TITLE

Section 4001 of title IV of Pub. L. 100-418 provided that: ''This

title (enacting this chapter, section 2112 of Title 16,

Conservation, and sections 1401, 1402, and 1403 of Title 21, Food

and Drugs, amending sections 608c, 608e-1, 626, 1704, 1707a, 1726,

1736o, 1736s, 1736t, 1736v, 1736x, 1736bb, and 1736bb-3 to 1736bb-6

of this title, section 713a-14 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and

section 620 of Title 21, and enacting provisions set out as notes

under sections 624, 1431, 1446, 1691, and 1736t of this title and

section 1401 of Title 21) may be cited as the 'Agricultural

Competitiveness and Trade Act of 1988'.''

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7 USC Sec. 5202 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER I - FINDINGS, POLICY, AND PURPOSE

-HEAD-

Sec. 5202. Policy

-STATUTE-

It is the policy of the United States -

(1) to provide, through all possible means, agricultural

commodities and products for export at competitive prices, with

full assurance of quality and reliability of supply;

(2) to support the principle of free trade and the promotion of

fair trade in agricultural commodities and products;

(3) to support fully the negotiating objectives set forth in

section 2901(b) of title 19 to eliminate or reduce substantially

constraints on fair and open trade in agricultural commodities

and products;

(4) to use statutory authority to counter unfair foreign trade

practices and to use all available means, including export

promotion programs, and, if necessary, restrictions on United

States imports of agricultural commodities and products, in order

to encourage fair and open trade; and

(5) to provide for increased representation of United States

agricultural trade interests in the formulation of national

fiscal and monetary policy affecting trade.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4102, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.

1390.)

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7 USC Sec. 5203 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER I - FINDINGS, POLICY, AND PURPOSE

-HEAD-

Sec. 5203. Purpose

-STATUTE-

It is the purpose of this chapter -

(1) to increase the effectiveness of the Department of

Agriculture in agricultural trade policy formulation and

implementation and in assisting United States agricultural

producers to participate in international agricultural trade, by

strengthening the operations of the Department of Agriculture;

and

(2) to improve the competitiveness of United States

agricultural commodities and products in the world market.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4103, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.

1390.)

-CITE-

7 USC SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

.

-HEAD-

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

-CITE-

7 USC Part A - General Provisions 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part A - General Provisions

.

-HEAD-

Part A - General Provisions

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7 USC Sec. 5211, 5212 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part A - General Provisions

-HEAD-

Sec. 5211, 5212. Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, Sec. 1571,

Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702

-MISC1-

Section 5211, Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4201, Aug. 23,

1988, 102 Stat. 1390, related to annual reports by Secretary of

Agriculture on long-term agricultural trade strategy. See section

5711 of this title.

Section 5212, Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4202, Aug. 23,

1988, 102 Stat. 1391, directed Secretary of Agriculture to provide

technical services to United States Trade Representative on matters

concerning agricultural trade. See section 5675 of this title.

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7 USC Sec. 5213 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part A - General Provisions

-HEAD-

Sec. 5213. Joint development assistance agreements with certain

trading partners

-STATUTE-

(a) Development of plan

With respect to any country that has a substantial positive trade

balance with the United States, the Secretary of Agriculture, in

consultation with the Secretary of State and (through the Secretary

of State) representatives of such country, may develop an

appropriate plan under which that country would purchase United

States agricultural commodities or products for use in development

activities in developing countries. In developing such plan, the

Secretary of Agriculture shall take into consideration the

agricultural economy of such country, the nature and extent of such

country's programs to assist developing countries, and other

relevant factors. The Secretary of Agriculture shall submit each

such plan to the President as soon as practicable.

(b) Agreement

The President may enter into an agreement with any country that

has a positive trade balance with the United States under which

that country would purchase United States agricultural commodities

or products for use in agreed-on development activities in

developing countries.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4203, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.

1392.)

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7 USC Sec. 5214 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part A - General Provisions

-HEAD-

Sec. 5214. Reorganization evaluation

-STATUTE-

The Secretary of Agriculture shall evaluate the reorganization

proposal recommended by the National Commission on Agricultural

Trade and Export Policy and other proposals to improve management

of international trade activities of the Department of Agriculture.

To assist the Secretary in the evaluation, the Secretary shall

appoint a private sector advisory committee of not less than 4

members, who shall be appointed from among individuals representing

farm and commodity organizations, market development cooperators,

and agribusiness. Not later than April 30, 1989, the Secretary

shall report the findings of the evaluation to Congress, together

with the views and recommendations of the private sector advisory

committee.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4204, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.

1392.)

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7 USC Sec. 5215, 5216 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part A - General Provisions

-HEAD-

Sec. 5215, 5216. Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, Sec. 1571,

Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702

-MISC1-

Section 5215, Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4205, Aug. 23,

1988, 102 Stat. 1392, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to

contract with individuals for services to be performed outside

United States. See section 5673 of this title.

Section 5216, Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4206, Aug. 23,

1988, 102 Stat. 1392, provided for establishment of a trade

assistance office within Foreign Agricultural Service.

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7 USC Part B - Foreign Agricultural Service 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part B - Foreign Agricultural Service

.

-HEAD-

Part B - Foreign Agricultural Service

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7 USC Sec. 5231 to 5233 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part B - Foreign Agricultural Service

-HEAD-

Sec. 5231 to 5233. Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, Sec. 1571,

Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702

-MISC1-

Section 5231, Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4211, Aug. 23,

1988, 102 Stat. 1393, provided for staffing of Foreign Agricultural

Service. See section 5694 of this title.

Section 5232, Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4212, Aug. 23,

1988, 102 Stat. 1394, provided for an agricultural attacheAE1

educational program. See section 1749 of this title.

Section 5233, Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4213, Aug. 23,

1988, 102 Stat. 1394, provided for the allocation of agricultural

attacheAE1 resource time.

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7 USC Sec. 5234 01/06/03

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TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part B - Foreign Agricultural Service

-HEAD-

Sec. 5234. Cooperator organizations

-STATUTE-

(a) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that the foreign market development

cooperator program of the Service, and the activities of individual

foreign market cooperator organizations, have been among the most

successful and cost-effective means to expand United States

agricultural exports. Congress affirms its support for the program

and the activities of the cooperator organizations. The

Administrator and the private sector should work together to ensure

that the program, and the activities of cooperator organizations,

are expanded in the future.

(b) Commodities for cooperator organizations

The Secretary of Agriculture may make available to cooperator

organizations agricultural commodities owned by the Commodity

Credit Corporation, for use by such cooperators in projects

designed to expand markets for United States agricultural

commodities and products.

(c) Relation to funds

Commodities made available to cooperator organizations under this

section shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, funds

appropriated for market development activities of such cooperator

organizations.

(d) Conflicts of interest

The Secretary shall take appropriate action to prevent conflicts

of interest among cooperator organizations participating in the

cooperator program.

(e) Evaluation

It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary should establish a

consistent, objective means for the evaluation of cooperator

programs.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4214, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.

1394.)

-CITE-

7 USC Sec. 5235 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE

CHAPTER 83 - AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE

SUBCHAPTER II - AGRICULTURAL TRADE INITIATIVES

Part B - Foreign Agricultural Service

-HEAD-

Sec. 5235. Authorization of additional appropriations

-STATUTE-

There are authorized to be appropriated for the Service, in

addition to any sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated by any

provision of law other than this section, $20,000,000 for each of

the fiscal years 1988, 1989, and 1990 for market development

activities, including -

(1) expansion of the agricultural attache service;

(2) expansion of international trade policy activities of the

Service;

(3) enhancement of the Service worldwide market information

system;

(4) increasing the number of trade shows and exhibitions

conducted by the Service and upgrading the quality of United

States representation at trade shows and exhibitions; and

(5) developing markets for value-added beef, pork, and poultry

products.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 100-418, title IV, Sec. 4215, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.

1395.)

-CITE-