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28 USC TITLE 28 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 28 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

TITLE 28 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

-MISC1-

THIS TITLE WAS ENACTED BY ACT JUNE 25, 1948, CH. 646, SEC. 1, 62

STAT. 869

Part Sec.

I. Organization of Courts 1

II. Department of Justice 501

III. Court Officers and Employees 601

IV. Jurisdiction and Venue 1251

V. Procedure 1651

VI. Particular Proceedings 2201

AMENDMENTS

1966 - Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 4(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 611,

substituted "Department of Justice" for "United States Attorneys

and Marshals" in item for part II.

TABLE SHOWING DISPOSITION OF ALL SECTIONS OF FORMER TITLE 28

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Title 28 Title 28

Former Sections New Sections

--------------------------------------------------------------------

1-4bb 132-134

1 nt 133

5 135

5a T. 48 Sec. 1392a

5b Elim.

6, 7 751

8 751, 954

9 604, 755

9a 1915

9a(a) 753, 1920

9a(b) 753

9a(c) 550, 604, 753, 1915

9a(d) 753

9a(e) 1915

9b Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 75.

10 457

11, 12 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 6(c), Cr.

Proc. R. 45(c).

13 452

14 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 45(c).

15 141

16 140, 296

17 291, 292, 295, 296

18 296

19 Rep.

20 295

21 292

22 291, 296

23 296

24 455

25 144

26 143

27 137

41(1) 1331, 1332, 1341, 1342, 1345,

1354, 1359

41(2) Rep.

41(3) 1333, 1356

41(4) Rep.

41(5) 1340

41(6) 1339

41(7) 1338

41(8) 1337

41(9) 1355

41(10) Rep.

41(11) 1357

41(12-14) 1343

41(15) 1344

41(16) 1348

41(17) 1350

41(18) 1351

41(19) 1334

41(20) 1346, 2401, 2402

41(21) Rep.

41(22) Rep.

41(23) 1337

41(24) 1353

41(25) 1357, 1399

41(26) 1335, 1397, 2361

41(27), (28) 1336

42 1349

43 1398

44 2321

45 Rep.

45a 2323

46 2324

47 1253, 2101, 2284, 2325

47a 1253, 2101, 2284

48 2322

49-51 Rep.

52 Elim.

53 T. 15 Sec. 146a

71 1441, 1445, 1447

72 1446, 1447

73 Rep.

74 1443, 1446, 1447

75 1446

76 1442, 1446, 1447

77 1442

78 1449

79 1450

80 1359, 1447, 1919

81 1447

82 Rep.

83 1447, 1448

101 T. 18 Sec. 3235

102 T. 18 Sec. 3238

103 T. 18 Sec. 3237

104 1395

105 1396

106-108 1395

109 1400, 1694

110 1394

111 1391

112 1391, 1401, 1693, 1695

113 1392

114 1393, 1441

115 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 4(f).

116 1392

117 754, 1692

118 1655

119 1404

120 Rep.

121 1405; T. 18 Sec. 3240

122 1656

123 Rep.

124 959; T. 18 Sec. 1911

124a 960

125 959

126 458

127 957

128 604, 752

141 Rep.

142 81

143 82

144 83

145 84

146 85, 140

147 86

148 87

149 89

149a, 149b Rep.

150 90

150a Rep.

151 92

152 93

153 94

154, 155 Rep.

156, 156a 95

157 96

158 97

159 98

160 99

161 Rep.

162 Rep.

163 1404

164 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 77.

165 Rep.

166 100

167 101

168 102

169 103

170 104

171 105

172 106

173 107

174 108

175 109

176 110

177 111

178, 178a 112

179 113

179a Elim.

180 114

181 115, 1865

182 116, 138

182a 116

183 117

184 118

184a Elim.

185 120

186 121

186a Elim.

187 122

188 123

189 124

189a Elim.

190 125

191 126

192, 192a 127

193 128

194 129

195 130

196 131

211 41

211a Rep.

212 43, 46

213 44

213a-213h Elim.

214 Rep.

215 42

216 45, 47, 292

216a 45

217 Rep.

218 231, 456

219 2071

220 547

221 711, 956

222 711, 954

222a 604, 712

223 48

224 Rep.

225(a) 1291, 1293

225(b) 1292

225(c) Rep.

225(d) 1294

225(e), (f) Rep.

226 Rep.

227 1292

227a 1292, 2107

228, 228a Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 73.

229 Rep.

230 2107

231 2108

241 171, 173, 453

242 Rep.

243 174, 175

244 791, 795, 956

245 604

246 952

247 Rep.

248 415, 791

249 T. 18 Sec. 282

250(1) 1491, 1501

250(2) 1503, 2501

250(3) 1496

250a 1497, 2501

250b Rep.

251 Rep.

252 2508

253 2512

254 1493, 2510

255 2510

256 Rep.

257 1492, 2509

258 2412

259 1502

259a T. 25 Sec. 70w (Rep. See T. 28

Sec. 1505).

260 1500

261 2502

262 2501

263 792, 2071

264 459, 953

265 Rep. See Ct. Claims R. 1, 10, 16

et seq.(!1)

266 Rep. See Ct. Claims R. 10.(!1)

267, 268 Rep.

268a 604, 793

269 792, 2503

270 456, 792, 794

271 Rep.

272 2507

273 Rep.

274 2504

275, 275a 2505

276 2503

277 Rep. See Ct. Claims R. 40 et

seq.(!1)

278 2503

278a 604, 793

279, 280 2514

281, 282 2515

283 2520

283a 791, 2520

284 2516

285 2517

286 2519

287 1494, 2511

288 1255

289 791

290, 291 Rep.

292 2506

293 Rep.

296 251-254, 456, 1581, 2071, 2639,

2640

296a 456

297 2636

301 211-213, 215, 293, 296

301a 213

301b (See former 301a)

302 214, 452, 456, 604

303 604, 832

304 604, 831, 956, 957, 1926

305 604, 831, 833, 834, 956

306 604, 834

307 211, 2071

308 1256, 1541

309 Rep.

309a 1542

310 2601

311 Rep.

312 216

321 1

322 4

323 3

324 5

325 671-673

326 671, 1737

327 671, 954

328 675

329 6

330 1911

331 672

332, 333 673

334 411

335 412

336 Elim.

337 413

338 2

339, 340 Rep.

341 1251

342 1651

343 1872

344 1257, 2103, 2106

345 Rep.

346, 347 1254

348, 349 Rep.

349a 1252, 2101

350 2101

351 2102

352 Rep. See Sup. Ct. R. 32.

353 Rep.

354 676

371(1) Rep.

371(2) 1355

371(3) 1333

371(4) 1333, 1356

371(5) 1338

371(6) 1334

371(7) 1251

371(8) 1251, 1351

372 453

373 454

374 456

374a Elim.

374b 604

374c, 374d 752

375 136, 294, 371

375a 294, 371

375b-375d 372

375e Rep.

375f 294

375g, 375h 373

376, 377 1651

377a-377c D.C. Code, Secs. 16-3501 to

16-3503

378 Rep.

379 2283

380 1253, 2101, 2281, 2284

380a 1253, 2101, 2282, 2284

381 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 65.

382 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 65(c).

383 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 65(d).

384 Rep.

385 459; T. 18 Sec. 401

386 T. 18 Secs. 402, 3691

387 T. 18 Sec. 402

388 Rep.

389 T. 18 Secs. 402, 3691

390 T. 18 Sec. 3285

390a T. 18 Sec. 402

391 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 59, 61;

Cr. Proc. R. 33, 52.

392 T. 18 Sec. 3043

393 T. 22 Sec. 258a

394 1654

395 556, 955

396 556, 955

397, 398 Rep.

399 1653

400 2201, 2202

401 2403

402 374

411 1861

412, 412a 1864

413 1865

414 Rep.

415 1861, 1863

416 1867, 1868

417 1866, 1868

417a Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 24(c).

418 1866

419 T. 18 Sec. 3321

420 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 6(c).

421 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 6(a), (g).

422 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 6(g).

423 1869

424 1870

425 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 24(b).

426 Rep.

430, 430a Rep.

431-432a Rep.

433, 434 Rep.

441-443 Rep.

444 601, 603, 606, 608

445 602, 603, 607

446 604, 609

447 604, 605

448 332

449 333, 456

450 333, 604, 610

451-453 2241

454 2242

455-461 2243

462 2252

463(a) 2253

463(b)-(d) Rep.

464 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 73-75,

81(a)(2).

465 2251

466 2253

481 501

481a Elim.

482 504

483 502

484 550

485-489 547

490 541

490a Elim.

491 541

492, 493 542

494 543

495 548

496-498 564

499 564, 1737

500-502 564

503 547

504 549

504a T. 18 Sec. 3053

505 550

506 546

507 554

508 555

509, 510 Rep.

511 506, 544, 545

512 951

513, 514 952, 1737

515-517 952

518, 519 Rep.

520 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 81(b).

521 Rep.

522 T. 18 Sec. 2076

523 953

523a, 523b 457

524 505, 541, 751

525 636, 953

526 631

527 631, 958

528 638

528a 638, 639

529 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 55.

530 413, 414

530a Elim.

531 T. 18 Sec. 1910

541, 542 671

543 1913

544 604, 711, 961, 962

545 604

546 711

547 604, 713

548 Rep.

549 1914

550, 551 Rep.

552 1917

553 1914

554 Rep.

555 1914

556 Rep.

557 604, 751

558 604

559 Rep.

560 604, 962

561, 561a 604

562 604, 962

563 604, 961

564 Rep.

565, 566 604

567-569 751

570 Rep.

571, 572 1923

572a T. 18 Sec. 155

573 Rep.

574 553, 1921

575 Rep.

576 553

577 551, 1929

578 1923

578a 551

578b, 578c Rep.

579 508, 552

580 508

581 Rep.

582, 583 552, 553

584, 584a, 585 553

586 509, 550

586a Rep.

587 509, 553

588, 589 Rep.

590 T. 18 Sec. 203

591 Rep.

592 509

593 510

594 502

595, 596 604, 755

597-597c 635

598-599a 636

600-600b 1871

600c 1821, 1825

600d Rep.

601 Elim.

602 1824

603-604a 1823

605 Rep.

606, 607 T. 44 Secs. 325, 326 (See Rev.

T. 44 Table)

608 1825, 1871

609 Rep.

631 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 43.

632 T. 18 Sec. 3481

633 Rep.

634 T. 18 Sec. 3486

635 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 43(a).

636 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 34, 55.

637 2072, 2073

638 1731

639-641 Note prec. 1781

642 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 28.

643, 644 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 26 et seq.

645 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 27(a)(4).

646 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 26 et seq.

647 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 45; Cr.

Proc. R. 17.

648 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 45(d);

Cr. Proc. R. 17(f).

649-652 1782

653 1781, 1782

654 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 45(e)(1);

Cr. Proc. R. 17(e).

655 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 45; Cr.

Proc. R. 17.

656 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 17(b).

657 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 46(b).

658 Rep.

659 Rep. See Cr. Proc. R. 46(b).

660 Rep.

661-667 1733

668 T. 18 Sec. 3497

669 Rep.

670 1743

671 1733

672 Rep.

673 1744

674 1745

675 Rep.

676 1736

677 1740

678-680 Rep.

681-684 1734

685, 686 1735

687 1738

688 1739

689 1742

690 T. 30 Sec. 53

695 1732

695a T. 18 Sec. 3491

695b T. 18 Sec. 3492

695c T. 18 Sec. 3493

695d T. 18 Sec. 3494

695e 1741

695e-1 T. 22 Sec. 4222

695f T. 18 Sec. 3495

695g T. 18 Sec. 3496

695h Rep.

701 1782

702 1785

703, 704 1782

711-713 1783

714-718 1784

721 1691

722 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 4.

723 2071, 2073

723a T. 18 Sec. 3772

723a-1 T. 18 Sec. 3771

723b, 723c 2072

724 Rep.

725 1652

726 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 64.

727 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 69.

728 Rep.

729 T. 42 Sec. 1988

730 2072, 2073

731 2071

732-734 Rep.

735 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 4; Cr.

Proc. R. 4, 9; Adm. R. 1.(!2)

736 Rep.

737 See 2710

738 See 2711

739 See 2712

740 See 2713

741 See 2714

742 See 2715

743 See 2716

744 See 2717

745 Rep.

746 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 64.

747 2463

748-750 2405

751, 752 Rep.

753 Adm. R. 6-8, 10, 12(!2)

754 2464

755-757 Rep.

758 636

759, 760 Rep.

761 2071, 2072

762 1402

763 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 4(d),

12(a), 55(e).

764 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 52, 75.

765 2411

766 2409

767 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 4(h).

768 Rep. See Sup. Ct. R. 20.

769 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 40.

770 1873

771 Adm. R. 46(!1/2)(!2)

772 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 39(c), 48.

773 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 38 et seq.

774 2406

775 Rep.

776 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 46, 63,

75.

777 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 1, 15, 61.

778-780 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 25, 81.

780a 2404

781 2407

782 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 12(a).

783 Rep.

784 T. 19 Sec. 579

785 1874

786 Rep.

787 T. 19 Sec. 580

788 See 2718

789 Rep.

790 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 75; Adm.

R. 49.(!2)

791 2462

792 2284

811 1961

811a Rep.

812 1962

813 Rep.

814 1962

815 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 41(d),

42(a), 54(d), 68.

816 Rep.

817 Elim.

818 2465

819 Rep.

820 Rep.

821 1928

822 1918

823, 824 Rep.

825 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 42(a).

826 Rep.

827 2465

828 1922

829 1927

830 1920

831 1924

832-836 1915

837 1916

838 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 4.

839 2413

840 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 59, 62.

841 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 62(f).

842 2006

843-845 2007

846 2005

847 2001

848 2004

849 2002

850 2003

851 2041

852 2042

861 Rep.

861a Rep.

861b Elim.

862 Rep.

863 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 75; Adm.

R. 49.(!2)

864 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 75(k).

865-867 Rep.

868 Rep. See Sup. Ct. R. 10, 36.

869 Rep.

870 2408

871 2104

872 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 73.

873 Rep.

874 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 62(d),

73(d); Sup. Ct. R. 36.

875 Rep. See Civ. Proc. R. 46, 52,

73, 75.

876, 877 2106

878 1912

879 2105

880 Rep.

901, 902 2410

903 1444

904, 905 2410

906 Rep.

921 2672

922 2673

931(a) 1346, 1402, 2402, 2411, 2412,

2674

931(b) 2675, 2676

932 1346, 2411

933(a)(1) 1291

933(a)(2) 1504, 2110

933(b) Rep.

934 2677

941 2671

942 2401

943 2680

944 2678

945 2679

946 Elim.

(!1) Court of Claims Rules were replaced by U.S. Claims Court

Rules effective Oct. 1, 1982, and subsequently by United States

Court of Federal Claims Rules effective Dec. 4, 1992.

(!2) Admiralty Rules were superseded July 1, 1966, by

Supplemental Rules for Certain Admiralty and Maritime Claims.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

ENACTMENT INTO LAW; CITATION

Section 1 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 869, provided

in part: "That title 28 of the United States Code, entitled

'Judicial Code and Judiciary' is hereby revised, codified, and

enacted into law, and may be cited as 'Title 28, United States

Code, section ___.' "

LEGISLATIVE CONSTRUCTION

Section 33 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 991, provided

that: "No inference of a legislative construction is to be drawn by

reason of the chapter in Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial

Procedure, as set out in section 1 of this Act, in which any

section is placed, nor by reason of the catchlines used in such

title."

SEPARABILITY

Section 34 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 991, provided

that: "If any part of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure,

as set out in section 1 of this Act, shall be held invalid, the

remainder shall not be affected thereby."

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section 38 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, provided

that: "The provisions of this Act shall take effect on September 1,

1948."

REPEALS; RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES SAVED

Section 39 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, repealed

the sections or parts thereof of the Revised Statutes of the United

States, Statutes at Large, or the Revised Statutes of the District

of Columbia covering provisions codified in this title, but saved

any rights or liabilities then existing under said sections or

parts thereof.

R.S. Sec. 1012 as affected by act Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, Sec.

291, 36 Stat. 1167 [section 880 of former Title 28, Judicial Code

and Judiciary], provided that appeals from district courts shall be

subject to the same rules, regulations, and restrictions as are or

may be prescribed in law in cases of writs of error. This provision

was repealed by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, Sec. 39, 62 Stat. 992.

Section 2 of act Jan. 31, 1928, ch. 14, 45 Stat. 54, as amended

Apr. 26, 1928, ch. 440, 45 Stat. 466; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, Sec.

23, 62 Stat. 990 [section 861b of former Title 28, Judicial Code

and Judiciary], provided that: "All Acts of Congress referring to

writs of error shall be construed as amended to the extent

necessary to substitute appeal for writ of error."

WRITS OF ERROR

Act Jan. 31, 1928, ch. 14, Sec. 1, 45 Stat. 54 [section 861a of

former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary], provided that: "The

writ of error in cases, civil and criminal, is abolished. All

relief which heretofore [Jan. 31, 1928] could be obtained by writ

of error shall hereafter be obtainable by appeal." This provision

was omitted from the 1948 Revised Judicial Code as obsolete, and

repealed by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, Sec. 39, 62 Stat. 992.

TITLE 28 AS CONTINUATION OF EXISTING LAW; CHANGE OF NAME OF CIRCUIT

COURTS OF APPEALS

Section 2(b) of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 985,

provided that: "The provisions of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial

Procedure, of the United States Code, set out in section 1 of this

Act, with respect to the organization of each of the several courts

therein provided for and of the Administrative Office of the United

States Courts, shall be construed as continuations of existing law,

and the tenure of the judges, officers, and employees thereof and

of the United States attorneys and marshals and their deputies and

assistants, in office on the effective date of this Act [Sept. 1,

1948], shall not be affected by its enactment, but each of them

shall continue to serve in the same capacity under the appropriate

provisions of title 28, as set out in section 1 of this Act,

pursuant to his prior appointment: Provided, however, That each

circuit court of appeals shall, as in said title 28 set out,

hereafter be known as a United States court of appeals. No loss of

rights, interruption of jurisdiction, or prejudice to matters

pending in any of such courts on the effective date of this Act

shall result from its enactment."

-SECREF-

TITLE REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This title is referred to in title 5 section 8477; title 9

section 4; title 10 section 1054; title 11 section 105; title 12

section 2244; title 16 sections 18i, 558c, 742l, 823b, 3375; title

22 sections 2702, 4606, 6082; title 29 section 2897; title 38

section 7316; title 42 sections 233, 300g-3, 300i-1, 300j-23,

3789h, 5055, 8433; title 43 section 1737; title 48 sections 1424-4,

1614, 1821, 1824.

-End-

-CITE-

28 USC PART I - ORGANIZATION OF COURTS 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 28 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

PART I - ORGANIZATION OF COURTS

-HEAD-

PART I - ORGANIZATION OF COURTS

-MISC1-

Chap. Sec.

1. Supreme Court 1

3. Courts of appeals 41

5. District courts 81

6. Bankruptcy judges 151

7. United States Court of Federal Claims 171

[9. Repealed.]

11. Court of International Trade 251

13. Assignment of judges to other courts 291

15. Conferences and councils of judges 331

16. Complaints against judges and judicial discipline 351

17. Resignation and retirement of judges (!1) 371

19. Distribution of reports and digests 411

21. General provisions applicable to courts and judges 451

23. Civil justice expense and delay reduction plans 471

AMENDMENTS

2002 - Pub. L. 107-273, div. C, title I, Sec. 11042(b), Nov. 2,

2002, 116 Stat. 1855, added item for chapter 16.

1992 - Pub. L. 102-572, title IX, Sec. 902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992,

106 Stat. 4516, substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims"

for "United States Claims Court" in item for chapter 7.

1990 - Pub. L. 101-650, title I, Sec. 103(d), Dec. 1, 1990, 104

Stat. 5096, added item for chapter 23.

1984 - Pub. L. 98-353, title I, Sec. 104(b), July 10, 1984, 98

Stat. 342, added item for chapter 6.

1982 - Pub. L. 97-164, title I, Secs. 105(b), 106, Apr. 2, 1982,

96 Stat. 28, substituted "United States Claims Court" for "Court of

Claims" in item for chapter 7 and struck out item for chapter 9

"Court of Customs and Patent Appeals".

1980 - Pub. L. 96-417, title V, Sec. 501(1), Oct. 10, 1980, 94

Stat. 1742, substituted "Court of International Trade" for "Customs

Court" in item for chapter 11.

1978 - Pub. L. 98-598, title II, Sec. 201(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92

Stat. 2660, directed amendment of analysis of chapters comprising

part I by adding item for chapter 6 "Bankruptcy courts", which

amendment did not become effective pursuant to section 402(b) of

Pub. L. 95-598, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note

preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

-EXEC-

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11992

Ex. Ord. No. 11992, May 24, 1977, 42 F.R. 27195, which

established Committee on Selection of Federal Judicial Officers and

provided for its membership, functions, etc., was revoked, and

Committee terminated, by Ex. Ord. No. 12305, May 5, 1981, 46 F.R.

25421, set out as a note under section 14 of the Federal Advisory

Committee Act in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization

and Employees.

-FOOTNOTE-

(!1) Chapter heading amended by Pub. L. 92-397 without corresponding

amendment of analysis.

-End-