-CITE-

18 USC CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

.

-HEAD-

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-MISC1-

Sec.

431. Contracts by Member of Congress.

432. Officer or employee contracting with Member of Congress.

433. Exemptions with respect to certain contracts.

(434. Repealed.)

435. Contracts in excess of specific appropriation.

436. Convict labor contracts.

(437. Repealed.)

438. Indian contracts for services generally. (FOOTNOTE 1)

(FOOTNOTE 1) Section repealed by Pub. L. 106-568 without

corresponding amendment of chapter analysis.

439. Indian enrollment contracts. (FOOTNOTE 1)

440. Mail contracts.

441. Postal supply contracts.

442. Printing contracts.

443. War contracts.

AMENDMENTS

1996 - Pub. L. 104-178, Sec. 1(b), Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1565,

struck out item 437 ''Federal employees contracting or trading with

Indians''.

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330010(13), Sept. 13,

1994, 108 Stat. 2144, struck out extraneous period after

''Indians'' in item 437.

1990 - Pub. L. 101-647, title XXXV, Sec. 3512, Nov. 29, 1990, 104

Stat. 4922, struck out item 434 ''Interested persons acting as

Government agents'' and substituted ''Federal employees contracting

or trading with Indians.'' for ''Indian contracts for goods and

supplies'' in item 437.

1951 - Act Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 18, 65 Stat. 717, struck

out ''; exceptions'' from item 431.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 431 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 431. Contracts by Member of Congress

-STATUTE-

Whoever, being a Member of or Delegate to Congress, or a Resident

Commissioner, either before or after he has qualified, directly or

indirectly, himself, or by any other person in trust for him, or

for his use or benefit, or on his account, undertakes, executes,

holds, or enjoys, in whole or in part, any contract or agreement,

made or entered into in behalf of the United States or any agency

thereof, by any officer or person authorized to make contracts on

its behalf, shall be fined under this title.

All contracts or agreements made in violation of this section

shall be void; and whenever any sum of money is advanced by the

United States or any agency thereof, in consideration of any such

contract or agreement, it shall forthwith be repaid; and in case of

failure or refusal to repay the same when demanded by the proper

officer of the department or agency under whose authority such

contract or agreement shall have been made or entered into, suit

shall at once be brought against the person so failing or refusing

and his sureties for the recovery of the money so advanced.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 702; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec.

19, 65 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(J),

Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 204 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch.

321, Sec. 114, 35 Stat. 1109).

Word ''agency'' was inserted in three places to eliminate any

ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definition of department or

agency under section 6 of this title.)

Minor changes were made in phraseology.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted ''fined under this title'' for

''fined not more than $3,000'' in first par.

1951 - Act Oct. 31, 1951, struck out ''; exceptions'', after

''Congress'' in section catchline.

-SECREF-

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 433 of this title; title 7

section 1386; title 15 section 714m; title 22 section 2676.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 432 01/06/03

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TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 432. Officer or employee contracting with Member of Congress

-STATUTE-

Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States, on

behalf of the United States or any agency thereof, directly or

indirectly makes or enters into any contract, bargain, or

agreement, with any Member of or Delegate to Congress, or any

Resident Commissioner, either before or after he has qualified,

shall be fined under this title.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 103-322, title

XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(J), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 205 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch.

321, Sec. 115, 35 Stat. 1109).

Words ''agency'' and ''employee'' were inserted to eliminate any

ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definition of agency under

section 6 of this title.)

Changes were made in phraseology.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted ''fined under this title'' for

''fined not more than $3,000''.

-SECREF-

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 433 of this title; title 7

section 1386; title 15 section 714m.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 433 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 433. Exemptions with respect to certain contracts

-STATUTE-

Sections 431 and 432 of this title shall not extend to any

contract or agreement made or entered into, or accepted by any

incorporated company for the general benefit of such corporation;

nor to the purchase or sale of bills of exchange or other property

where the same are ready for delivery and payment therefor is made

at the time of making or entering into the contract or agreement.

Nor shall the provisions of such sections apply to advances, loans,

discounts, purchase or repurchase agreements, extensions, or

renewals thereof, or acceptances, releases or substitutions of

security therefor or other contracts or agreements made or entered

into under the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, the

Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Federal Farm Loan Act, the

Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933, the Farm Credit Act of 1933,

or the Home Owners Loan Act of 1933, the Farmers' Home

Administration Act of 1946, the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, or

to crop insurance agreements or contracts or agreements of a kind

which the Secretary of Agriculture may enter into with farmers.

Any exemption permitted by this section shall be made a matter of

public record.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 87-353, Sec. 3(o),

Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 774.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on section 1514(f) of title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed.,

Agriculture; sections 264w, 598, 1138d(e), 1441(e), 1467(d) of

title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking; section 616(e) of

title 15, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade; title 18, U.S.C.,

1940 ed., Sec. 206 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, Sec. 116, 35 Stat. 1109;

Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, Sec. 22(j), as added June 19, 1934, ch. 653,

Sec. 3, 48 Stat. 1107; Jan. 22, 1932, ch. 8, Sec. 16(e), 47 Stat.

12; July 22, 1932, ch. 522, Sec. 21, 47 Stat. 738; June 13, 1933,

ch. 64, Sec. 8, 48 Stat. 135; June 16, 1933, ch. 98, Sec. 64, 48

Stat. 268, 269; Jan. 25, 1934, ch. 5, 48 Stat. 337; Jan. 31, 1934,

ch. 7, Sec. 13, 48 Stat. 347; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, Sec.

510, 58 Stat. 1264; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, Sec. 20, 21, 49 Stat.

298; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, Sec. 101, 49 Stat. 703; Aug. 26, 1937,

ch. 821, 50 Stat. 838; Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, Sec. 514, 52

Stat. 77).

These sections were consolidated with such changes of phraseology

as were necessary to effect consolidation. Said section 206 of

title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., was the principal source of this

section, but the enumeration of the kinds of commitments exempted

was drawn from the various sections of said title 12 set forth

above. The reference to crop insurance agreements is drawn from

section 1514(f) of Title 7, Agriculture.

The applicability provisions of the sections here consolidated

were unclear and of doubtful value. As revised the section

preserves everything of value without change of substance.

References to the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act and the Farmers'

Home Administrative Act of 1946 were included in this revised

section notwithstanding the omission (and consequent repeal) of

former subsection (d) of section 52 of the said Bankhead-Jones Act

(1937) (Title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 1026) in the amendment of

said section 52 of such Act by section 3 of the said Farmers' Home

Administration Act of 1946 (August 14, 1946, ch. 964, 60 Stat.

1062). The essential nature of the transactions under the several

acts would render inconsistent any attempt to include some and

exclude others.

-REFTEXT-

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, referred to in text,

is act Jan. 22, 1932, ch. 8, 47 Stat. 5, as amended, which was

classified to chapter 14 (Sec. 601 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce

and Trade, and has been eliminated from the Code. For complete

classification of this Act prior to its elimination from the Code,

see Tables.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act, referred to in text, is title I

of act May 12, 1933, ch. 25, 48 Stat. 31, as amended, which is

classified generally to chapter 26 (Sec. 601 et seq.) of Title 7,

Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,

see Short Title note set out under section 601 of Title 7 and

Tables.

The Federal Farm Loan Act, referred to in text, is act July 17,

1916, ch. 245, 39 Stat. 360, as amended, which was classified

principally to sections 641 et seq. of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

The Federal Farm Loan Act, as amended, was repealed by section

5.26(a) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, Pub. L. 92-181, Dec. 10,

1971, 85 Stat. 624. Section 5.26(a) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971

also provided that all references in other legislation to the Acts

repealed thereby ''shall be deemed to refer to comparable

provisions of this Act''. For further details, see notes under

section 2001 of Title 12. For complete classification of the

Federal Farm Loan Act to the Code prior to such repeal, see Tables.

The Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933, referred to in text, is

title II of act May 12, 1933, ch. 25, 48 Stat. 31, as amended.

Such title II was substantially repealed by act June 30, 1947, ch.

166, title II, Sec. 206(c), 61 Stat. 208; act Aug. 6, 1953, ch.

335, Sec. 19, 67 Stat. 400; act Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-353, Sec.

3(a), (b), (w), 75 Stat. 773, 774; act Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L.

92-181, title V, Sec. 5.26(a), 85 Stat. 624. For complete

classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Farm Credit Act of 1933, referred to in text, is act June 16,

1933, ch. 98, 48 Stat. 2, as amended, which was classified

principally to subchapter IV (Sec. 1131 et seq.) of chapter 7 of

Title 12, Banks and Banking. The Farm Credit Act of 1933, as

amended, was repealed by section 5.26(a) of the Farm Credit Act of

1971, Pub. L. 92-181, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624. Section 5.26(a)

of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 also provided that all references in

other legislation to the Acts repealed thereby ''shall be deemed to

refer to comparable provisions of this Act''. For further details,

see notes under section 2001 of Title 12. For complete

classification of the Farm Credit Act of 1933 to the Code prior to

such repeal, see Tables.

The Home Owners Loan Act of 1933, referred to in text, is act

June 13, 1933, ch. 64, 48 Stat. 128, as amended, now known as the

Home Owners' Loan Act, which is classified generally to chapter 12

(Sec. 1461 et seq.) of Title 12. For complete classification of

this Act to the Code, see section 1461 of Title 12 and Tables.

The Farmers' Home Administration Act of 1946, referred to in

text, is act Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, 60 Stat. 1062, as amended.

Such Act was substantially repealed by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645,

Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862, and act Aug. 8, 1961, Pub. L. 87-128, title

III, Sec. 341(a), 75 Stat. 318. For complete classification of this

Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, referred to in text, is act

July 22, 1937, ch. 517, 50 Stat. 522, as amended, which is

classified generally to chapter 33 (Sec. 1000 et seq.) of Title 7,

Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,

see section 1000 of Title 7 and Tables.

-MISC2-

AMENDMENTS

1961 - Pub. L. 87-353 struck out ''the Federal Farm Mortgage

Corporation Act,'' after ''the Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of

1933,''.

-TRANS-

ABOLITION OF RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which was created by the

Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, referred to in this

section, was abolished by section 6(a) of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of

1957, eff. June 30, 1957, 22 F.R. 4633, 71 Stat. 647, set out in

the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

ABOLITION OF HOME OWNERS' LOAN CORPORATION

The Home Owners' Loan Corporation, which was created by the Home

Owners' Loan Act of 1933, referred to in this section, was

dissolved and abolished by act June 30, 1953, ch. 170, Sec. 21, 67

Stat. 126, set out in note under section 1463 of Title 12, Banks

and Banking.

-SECREF-

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 3056 of this title.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 434 01/06/03

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TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

(Sec. 434. Repealed. Pub. L. 87-849, Sec. 2, Oct. 23, 1962, 76

Stat. 1126)

-MISC1-

Section, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703, related to

interested persons acting as Government agents. Section was

supplanted by section 208 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL

Repeal effective 90 days after Oct. 23, 1962, see section 4 of

Pub. L. 87-849, set out as an Effective Date note under section 201

of this title.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 435 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 435. Contracts in excess of specific appropriation

-STATUTE-

Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States,

knowingly contracts for the erection, repair, or furnishing of any

public building, or for any public improvement, to pay a larger

amount than the specific sum appropriated for such purpose, shall

be fined under this title (FOOTNOTE 1) or imprisoned not more than

one year, or both.

(FOOTNOTE 1) See 1994 Amendment note below.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 103-322, title

XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 184 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch.

321, Sec. 98, 35 Stat. 1106).

Words ''or employee'' were inserted to remove any ambiguity as to

scope of section.

The offense described in this section involves no moral

turpitude, and therefore the punishment provisions were reduced

from $2,000 to $1,000 and from 2 years to 1 year, so that the

stigma of a felony would not attach to an offender. (See

classification of felony and misdemeanor in section 1 of this title

and note thereunder.)

Mandatory punishment provisions were rephrased in the

alternative.

Changes were also made in phraseology.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, which directed the amendment of this

section by substituting ''fined under this title'' for ''fined not

more than $5,000'', was executed by making the substitution for

''fined not more than $1,000'', to reflect the probable intent of

Congress.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 436 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 436. Convict labor contracts

-STATUTE-

Whoever, being an officer, employee, or agent of the United

States or any department or agency thereof, contracts with any

person or corporation, or permits any warden, agent, or official of

any penal or correctional institution, to hire out the labor of any

prisoners confined for violation of any laws of the United States,

shall be fined under this title (FOOTNOTE 1) or imprisoned not more

than three years, or both.

(FOOTNOTE 1) See 1994 Amendment note below.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 103-322, title

XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 708, 709 (Feb. 23,

1887, ch. 213, Sec. 1, 2, 24 Stat. 411).

This section consolidates sections 708 and 709 of title 18,

U.S.C., 1940 ed., as the offense and penalty provisions,

respectively.

Words ''department or agency thereof'' were inserted to clarify

scope of section. See definition of department and agency in

section 6 of this title.

To retain uniformity words ''shall be deemed guilty of a

misdemeanor, and,'' were omitted. The reference to misdemeanor is

now covered by the definition in section 1 of this title.

Words ''on conviction thereof'' were omitted as unnecessary since

punishment can follow only upon conviction.

The minimum punishment provisions ''less than one year nor'' and

''less than $500 nor'' were deleted to conform to the policy

followed by codifiers of 1909 Criminal Code. (See reviser's note

under section 203 of this title.)

Changes were also made in phraseology.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, which directed the amendment of this

section by substituting ''fined under this title'' for ''fined not

more than $5,000'', was executed by making the substitution for

''fined not more than $1,000'', to reflect the probable intent of

Congress.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 437 01/06/03

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TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

(Sec. 437. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-178, Sec. 1(a), Aug. 6, 1996, 110

Stat. 1565)

-MISC1-

Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; June 17,

1980, Pub. L. 96-277, Sec. 1, 94 Stat. 544; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L.

103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), 108 Stat. 2147, related

to Federal employees contracting or trading with Indians.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL

Section 1(c) of Pub. L. 104-178 provided that: ''The repeal made

by subsection (a) (repealing this section) shall -

''(1) take effect on the date of enactment of this Act (Aug. 6,

1996); and

''(2) apply with respect to any contract obtained, and any

purchase or sale occurring, on or after the date of enactment of

this Act.''

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 438, 439 01/06/03

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TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

(Sec. 438, 439. Repealed. Pub. L. 106-568, title VIII, Sec.

812(c)(2), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2917)

-MISC1-

Section 438, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; Pub. L.

103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat.

2147, related to Indian contracts for services generally.

Section 439, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 704; Pub. L.

103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat.

2147, related to Indian enrollment contracts.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 440 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 440. Mail contracts

-STATUTE-

Whoever, being a person employed in the Postal Service, becomes

interested in any contract for carrying the mail, or acts as agent,

with or without compensation, for any contractor or person offering

to become a contractor in any business before the Postal Service,

shall be fined under this title (FOOTNOTE 1) or imprisoned not more

than one year, or both.

(FOOTNOTE 1) See 1994 Amendment note below.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 91-375, Sec.

6(j)(3), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 103-322, title

XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 356 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch.

321, Sec. 226, 35 Stat. 1134).

Provision for dismissal from office was omitted since this might

be handled better administratively.

Changes were made in phraseology.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, which directed the amendment of this

section by substituting ''fined under this title'' for ''fined not

more than $10,000'', was executed by making the substitution for

''fined not more than $5,000'', to reflect the probable intent of

Congress.

1970 - Pub. L. 91-375 substituted ''Postal Service'' for ''Post

Office Department'' before '', shall be fined''.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 91-375 effective within 1 year after Aug.

12, 1970, on date established therefor by the Board of Governors of

the United States Postal Service and published by it in the Federal

Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91-375, set out as an

Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal

Service.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 441 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 441. Postal supply contracts

-STATUTE-

No contract for furnishing supplies to the Postal Service shall

be made with any person who has entered, or proposed to enter, into

any combination to prevent the making of any bid for furnishing

such supplies, or to fix a price or prices therefor, or who has

made any agreement, or given or performed, or promised to give or

perform, any consideration whatever to induce any other person not

to bid for any such contract, or to bid at a specified price or

prices thereon.

Whoever violates this section shall be fined under this title

(FOOTNOTE 1) or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and if

the offender is a contractor for furnishing such supplies his

contract may be annulled.

(FOOTNOTE 1) See 1994 Amendment note below.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 91-375, Sec.

6(j)(4), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 103-322, title

XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on section 808 of title 39, U.S.C., 1940 ed., The Postal

Service (Aug. 24, 1912, ch. 389, Sec. 2, 37 Stat. 553).

Minimum punishment provisions ''less than $100 nor'' and ''less

than three months nor'' were omitted to conform to policy followed

by codifiers of 1909 Criminal Code.

Changes in phraseology were also made.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, which directed the amendment of this

section by substituting ''fined under this title'' for ''fined not

more than $10,000'', was executed by making the substitution for

''fined not more than $5,000'' in second par., to reflect the

probable intent of Congress.

1970 - Pub. L. 91-375 struck out ''Post Office Department or

the'' before ''Postal Service''.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 91-375 effective within 1 year after Aug.

12, 1970, on date established therefor by the Board of Governors of

the United States Postal Service and published by it in the Federal

Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91-375, set out as an

Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal

Service.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 442 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 442. Printing contracts

-STATUTE-

Neither the Public Printer, superintendent of printing,

superintendent of binding, nor any of their assistants shall,

during their continuance in office, have any interest, direct or

indirect, in the publication of any newspaper or periodical, or in

any printing, binding, engraving, or lithographing of any kind, or

in any contract for furnishing paper or other material connected

with the public printing, binding, lithographing, or engraving.

Whoever violates this section shall be fined under this title or

imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 103-322, title

XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on section 53 of title 44, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Public

Printing and Documents (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, Sec. 34, 28 Stat.

605).

Words ''on conviction before any court of competent

jurisdiction'' were omitted as unnecessary, since punishment cannot

be imposed until there has been a conviction before a competent

tribunal.

Words ''in the penitentiary'' were omitted as surplusage as

section 4082 of this title commits all prisoners to the custody of

the Attorney General. (See reviser's note under section 1 of this

title.)

The minimum punishment provision ''for a term of not less than

one nor'' was omitted in keeping with policy of codifiers of 1909

Criminal Code.

Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.

The offense described in this section involves no moral

turpitude, and therefore the punishment provisions were reduced

from 5 years to 1 year, so that the stigma of a felony would not

attach to an offender. The fine was increased from $500 to $1,000

as more proportionate to the 1-year term of imprisonment. (See

classification of felony and misdemeanor in section 1 of this title

and note thereunder.)

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted ''fined under this title'' for

''fined not more than $1,000'' in second par.

-CITE-

18 USC Sec. 443 01/06/03

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

PART I - CRIMES

CHAPTER 23 - CONTRACTS

-HEAD-

Sec. 443. War contracts

-STATUTE-

Whoever willfully secretes, mutilates, obliterates, or destroys -

(a) any records of a war contractor relating to the

negotiation, award, performance, payment, interim financing,

cancellation or other termination, or settlement of a war

contract of $25,000 or more; or

(b) any records of a war contractor or purchaser relating to

any disposition of termination inventory in which the

consideration received by any war contractor or any government

agency is $5,000 or more,

before the lapse of (1) five years after such disposition of

termination inventory by such war contractor or government agency,

or (2) five years after the final settlement of such war contract,

whichever applicable period is longer, shall be fined under this

title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

The Administrator of General Services, by regulation, may

authorize the destruction of such records upon such terms and

conditions as he deems appropriate, including the requirement for

the making and retaining of photographs or microphotographs, which

shall have the same force and effect as the originals thereof.

The definitions of terms in section 103 of Title 41 shall apply

to similar terms used in this section.

-SOURCE-

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 704; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec.

20(a), 65 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec.

330004(17), 330016(2)(F), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2142, 2148.)

-MISC1-

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Based on section 119, first and second paragraphs, of title 41

U.S.C., 1940 ed., Public Contracts (July 1, 1944, ch. 358, Sec.

19(a), 58 Stat. 667).

Section was rewritten with changes of phraseology to conform to

the style adopted in the revision.

The definition of ''records'' was omitted as surplusage in order

to avoid any inference that ''records'' as used in other sections

was intended to have a different or more limited connotation than

the broad and commonly understood meaning popularly assigned to the

term.

The last paragraph was added to obviate any possibility of doubt

as to meaning of terms defined in section 103 of Title 41, Public

Contracts.

Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as

unnecessary in view of definition of ''principal'' in section 2 of

this title.

AMENDMENTS

1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, in concluding provisions of first par.,

struck out ''or (3) five years after 12 o'clock noon of December

31, 1946,'' after ''of such war contract,'' and substituted ''shall

be fined under this title'' for ''shall, if a corporation, be fined

not more than $50,000, and, if a natural person, be fined not more

than $10,000''.

1951 - Act Oct. 31, 1951, substituted ''12 o'clock noon of

December 31, 1946'' for ''the termination of hostilities in the

present war as proclaimed by the President or by a concurrent

resolution of the two Houses of Congress'', and, in penultimate

paragraph, substituted ''Administrator of General Services'' for

''Director of Contract Settlement''.

-CITE-