TEORIA DE LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES.

1.- PRESENT SIMPLE.

1.- Algo que ocurre repetidamente o que es una verdad general,

Nurses look after patients in hospital.

2.- Para hablar de algo que sucede con frecuencia o que es habitual.

I always go to the cinema on Mondays.

3.- Se forma con el infinitivo del verbo, pero se le añade -s a la tercera persona del plural.

I play

You play

He plays

She plays

It plays

We play

You play

They play

4.- Recuerda que para la negativa y la interrogativa debes usar el auxiliar do / does.

You play football on Sunday

You don't play football on Sunday.

Do you play football on Sunday?

She plays chess with his father every day

She doesn't play chess with his father every day

Does she play chess with his father every day?

¡OJO!

Cuando usamos does para la tercera persona desaparece la -s del verbo.

2.- PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

1.- Para algo que sucede en el momento en el que se habla.

Please, don't make so much noise, I'm studying.

2.- Para algo que sucede en el tiempo en el que se habla, pero no en ese momento exacto.

I'm reading an interesting book. I'll lend you it when I've finished.

3.- Cuando hablamos de algo que ocurre en el momento actual y por un periodo determinado.

Tom is playing football this season.

4.- Cuando hablamos de situaciones cambiantes.

The population of the world is rising very fast.

5.- Se forma con el verbo “TO BE” y el verbo principal al que le hemos añadido -ing.

I am playing

You are playing

He is playing

She is playing

It is playing

We are playing

You are playing

They are playing

6.- Para la negación y la interrogación no necesitamos auxiliar porque esa es la función del verbo “TO BE”.

You are playing football now.

You aren't playing football now.

Are you playing football now?

VERBOS NO USADOS DE FORMA CONTINUA.

• De pensamiento

• Think (=believe)

• See (=understand)

• Imagine.

• Believe.

• Recognize.

• Forget.

• Understand.

• Suppose

• Remember

• Know.

• Mean

• Realice.

• Sentimiento.

• Like.

• Dislike.

• Hate.

• Love.

• Prefer.

• Want.

• Wish.

• Verbos de percepción.

• See

• Hear.

• Smell.

• Taste.

• Feel.

• Otros verbos.

• Have (=tener)

• Own.

• Belong to.

• Owe.

• Need.

• Include

• Cost.

• Contain.

• Weigh

• Sound

• Seem

• Deserve.

3.- PRESENT PERFECT.

1.- Usamos el presente perfecto, cuando hablamos de una acción del pasado que tiene una conexión con el presente.

I've lost my key (= I haven't got it now).

2.- Para dar información sobre un acontecimiento reciente.

I've just had lunch.

3.- Usamos el presente perfecto para decir que nunca hemos hecho algo, o que no lo hemos hecho hasta ese momento.

I have never smoked.

Jim hasn't written to me for nearly a month

4.- El presente perfecto suele ir acompañado de:

• This is the first time….

• It's the first time…..

• Ever.

• Never

• Yet (? -). Siempre situado al final.

• Since

• For

• Just.

• Expresiones de tiempo que no hayan acabado en el momento de hablar.

• This year.

• Today.

5.- Se forma con el verbo “TO HAVE” y el verbo principal usado en participio. (La tercera columna en la lista de verbos irregulares).

I have placed

You have placed

He has played

She has played

It has played

We have played

You have played

They have played.

6.- Cuando construimos el presente perfecto en negativa e interrogativa, usamos el have como auxiliar.

You have lost my key.

You haven't lost my key.

Have you lost your key?

4. - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

1.- Usamos el Presente perfecto continuo cuando hablamos de una acción que ha terminado hace poco.

You're out of breath. Have you been running?

2.- Usamos el PPC para preguntar o decir cuanto tiempo ha estado sucediendo algo. Teniendo en cuanta que la acción permanece o acaba de terminar.

How long have you been learning English?

3.- Usamos También el presente perfecto continuo para acciones que se repiten a lo largo del tiempo (con How long, for or since).

She has been playing tennis since she was 8.

5.- PRESENTE PERFECTO VS. PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO.

Presente perfecto	Presente perfecto continúo.
Estamos interesados en el resultado de la acción, no en la acción en sí. Ann has painted the ceiling	Estamos interesados en la acción. No nos importa si ésta ha terminado o no. Ann has been painting the ceiling.
Para decir cuántas veces hemos hecho algo. How many pages of that book have you read?	Para decir cuánto tiempo ha estado sucediendo algo. How long have you been reading that book?

6. - PAST SIMPLE.

1.- Usamos el pasado simple para acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado. Acciones ya acabadas.

I lost my key (now, I have a new one).

2.- Nos encontramos verbos regulares y verbos irregulares.

Verbos regulares	Verbos irregulares
Se forma los verbos regulares en la siguiente manera:- Hay que añadir -ed a los verbos. Ej. work worked Si el verbo termina en "e" solo hay que añadir -d ej. love loved Si el verbo termina en consonante + "y" se quita el "y" y se añade "-ied" studied ej. study studied Con verbos de una sílaba terminando en consonante + vocal + consonante se dobla la última letra. ej. Stop stopped	Hay que saberse la lista.

3.- Para formar la forma negativa e interrogativa tenemos que usar el auxiliar “did”.

She bought a car.

She didn't buy a car.

Did she buy a car?

¡OJO!

Cuando usamos did desaparece el pasado del verbo.

7.- PASADO CONTINÚO.

1.- Usamos el pasado continuo para decir que alguien estaba en medio de una acción en el pasado. La situación se estaba desarrollando, pero nada nos dice si se acabo o no.

This time last year I was living in Brazil.

2.- Usamos juntos el pasado simple y el continuo para indicar que una acción ocurrió en medio de otra que estaba desarrollándose.

When Andrew arrived, we were having dinner

3.- Se forma con la forma en pasado del verbo “TO BE” y el verbo principal en -ing.

I was playing

You were playing

He was playing

She was playing

It was playing

We were playing

You were playing

They were playing.

4.- Para la interrogativa y la negativa, usamos el verbo “TO BE”.

You were playing tennis.

You weren't playing tennis.

Were you playing tennis?

8.- PASADO PERFECTO.

1.- Usamos el pasado perfecto para indicar, entre dos acciones de pasado, que una había sucedido antes que otra.

When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone.

2.- Se forma con el verbo “TO HAVE” en pasado y el participio de perfecto del verbo principal (ya sabes la tercera columna de los verbos irregulares).

I had played

You had played

He had played

She had played

It had played

We had played

You had played

They had played

3.- Para la forma de negativa e interrogativa usamos el verbo “TO HAVE”.

You had played tennis.

You hadn't played tennis.

Had you played tennis?

10.- PASADO PERFECTO CONTINUO

1.- Usamos el pasado perfecto continuo para decir cuánto tiempo había estado sucediendo algo, antes de que otra acción lo interrumpiera.

The football match had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when there was a terrible storm.

2.- Se forma con el verbo “TO HAVE” en pasado, el verbo “TO BE” en participio y el verbo principal en -ing.

I had been playing

You had been playing

He had been playing

She had been playing

It had been playing

We had been playing

You had been playing

They had been playing

3.- Para la forma de negativa e interrogativa usamos el verbo “TO HAVE”.

You had been playing tennis.

You hadn't been playing tennis.

Had you been playing tennis?

11. FUTURO SIMPLE.

1.- Usamos el futuro simple cuando decidimos algo en el momento de hablar.

I've left the door open. I'll go and shut it.

2. - También lo usamos para:

2.1. Ofrecimientos.

I'll help you with your bag

2.2. Acuerdos/desacuerdos en realizar acciones.

I'll bring your Voc back tomorrow.

2.3. Prometiendo hacer algo.

I'll pay you back on Friday.

2.4. Pidiendo a alguien que haga algo.

Will you shut the door, please?

2.5. Cuando predecimos acontecimiento o situaciones futuras (pero no tenemos pistas en el presente)

When you return home, you'll notice a lot of changes.

2.6. Usado con:

• Probably. I'll probably be a bit late today.

• I'm sure. I'm sure you'll like Andrew.

• I expect. I expect Carol will get the job.

• I think. Do you think we'll win the match?

3.- Se forma con el auxiliar “WILL” y el verbo principal en infinitivo.

I will play

You will play

He will play

She will play

It will play

We will play

You will play

They will play

4.- Para formar las formas negativas e interrogativas usamos el auxiliar “WILL”.

You will play tennis

You won't play tennis.

Will you play tennis?

12. - Futuro con “GOING TO”.

1.- Usamos going to para futuro cuando planeamos hacer algo.

I'm going to have an early night.

2.- Usamos También going to para hablar de algo que tenemos la certeza de que va a ocurrir en el futuro.

The man can't see where he is going. There is a hole in front of him. He is going to fall into the hole.

3.- Se forma con el verbo “TO BE” más going to, más el verbo principal en infinitivo.

I am going to play

You are going to play

He is going to play

She is going to play

It is going to play

We are going to play

You are going to play

They are going to play

4.- Para formar la negativa y la interrogativa, se usa, por supuesto, el verbo “TO BE”.

You are going to play.

You aren't going to play

Are you going to play?

13.- PRESENTE CONTINUO (con valor de futuro)

1.- Usamos el presente continuo con valor de futuro cuando tenemos la certeza de que vamos a hacer algo. Suele ir con fechas concretas.

I'm buying a car tomorrow

14.- PRESENTE SIMPLE.

1.- Usamos el presente simple con valor de futuro para hablar de horarios, programaciones, etc.…

The train leaves at 10.30

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