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Laboratorio de Física.
Práctica:
Goniómetro.
INTRODUCCIÓN.
El objetivo de esta práctica es determinar el ángulo y el índice de refracción del prisma
DESARROLLO.
En primer lugar hallaremos el ángulo del prisma según la relación
= /2 ,
Siendo el ángulo del prisma y el ángulo que separa los rayos reflejados por las dos caras que confluyen en él.
Observamos:
Prisma
Nonius
1
2
F
A
332°0'
91°35'
119°35'
B
152°0'
271°30'
119°30'
A
335°30'
95°2'
119°32'
B
155°41'
275°0'
119°19'
C
A
343°3'
104°1'
120'58'
B
163°31'
284°30'
120°59'
A
95°0'
334°4'
120°56'
B
275°0'
154°5'
120°55'
De su tratamiento estadístico tenemos que
F= 119°28' ± 3'
C= 120°57' ± 1'
A continuación calcularemos el índice de refracción de cada prisma. Para esto hallamos el ángulo mínimo con que se difracta el haz luminoso al atravesar el prisma.
Medimos:
Prisma
Nonius
incidente
refractado
δ
F
A
302°1'
89°0'
146°59'
B
122°2'
269°0'
146°58'
A
166°0'
269°4'
103°4'
B
346°0'
89°2'
103°2'
C
A
324°6'
115°30'
151°24'
B
144°5'
295°30'
151°25'
A
335°28'
116°10'
140°42'
B
155°33'
296°10'
140°37'
Aquí se observan unos valores bastante incongruentes entre las dos series que realizamos. Creemos que esto es debido a la imprecisión inherente al método de estudio (no al instrumental).
A partir de estos datos, y con la formulación teórica del manual, tenemos:
Prisma
n serie 1
n serie 2
n Medio
F
0,8437293
1,0790403
0,9613848
C
0,7957397
0,8699139
0,8328268
Para el cálculo del error relativo usaremos el promedio de δmin para cada prisma:
Prisma
n/n
F
0,2273807
C
0,0635921
Así, nos queda:
nF= 1,0 ± 0,2
nC= 0,83 ± 0,05
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Enviado por: Luciano Idioma: castellanoPaís: España