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Objetivos
Para la conexión de altavoces se han de tener en cuenta dos factores: potencia nominal y su impedancia.
La impedancia de salida del amplificador ha de coincidir con la impedancia total de los altavoces conectados a el.
Si la carga es superior, el amplificador únicamente podrá perder potencia, pero si la carga es inferior forzaremos el altavoz, con el que perderemos rendimiento y aumentaremos la distorsión o incluso se pueden sobrecargar la etapa de potencia del amplificador y llegar a estropearlo.
Hay diferentes tipos de conexiones de altavoces, serie y paralelo y mixta. En esta practica estudiaremos las dos primeras.
Procedimiento
Para cada uno de los siguientes esquemas calcula:
La tensión de salida del amplificador.
La corriente que recibe cada altavoz.
La potencia total (Suma de las potencias de cada altavoz).
Di si se han adaptado bien todas las potencias o en caso contrario que podría pasarle al amplificador.
1.
Vº = P.R = 12,5.8 = 10V
Zt = Z1 + Z2 + Z3 + Z4 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8Ω; I = Vº / Ztotal = 10/8 = 1,25 A
P = Z.I = 2.1,25 = 3,125W
P = Vº.I = 10.1,25 = 12,5W
Esta bien montado
2.
Vº = P.R = 72.8 = 24V
Zt = Z1 + Z2 + Z3 = 4+2+2 = 8Ω; I = Vº/Ztotal = 24/8 = 3 A
P = Z1.I = 4.3 = 36W; P = Z2.I = 2.3 = 18W; P = Z3.I = 2.3 = 18W
P = Vº.I = 24.3 = 72W
Esta bien montado
3.
Vº = P.R = 36.4 = 12V
Zt = Z1 + Z2 = 4+2 = 6Ω; I = Vº/Ztotal = 12/6 = 2 A
P = Z1.I = 4.2 = 8W; P = Z2.I = 2.2 = 4W
P = Vº.I = 12.2 = 24W
No esta bien montado o adaptado, porque la carga es inferior, entonces, perderemos rendimiento y aumentaremos la distorsión o incluso se pueden sobrecargar la etapa de potencia del amplificador y llegar a estropearlo.
4.
Vo = P · R = 9 · 4 = 6 V
Ztotal =1/Z1+ Z2 + Z3=1/12+12+12 = 4Ω;
I = Vo / Ztotal = 6 / 4 = 1´5 A;
I1 = Vo / Z1 = 6 / 12 = 0´5 A
P1 = Vo · I = 6 · 0´5 = 3 W
Pt = 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 W
Esta bien montado
5.
Vo = P · R = 4 · 4 = 4 V
Ztotal = 1 / Z1 + Z2 + Z3 + Z4 = 1 / 12 + 12 + 6 + 6 = 2Ω
I = Vo / Ztotal = 4 / 2 = 2 A
I1 = Vo / Z1 = 4 / 12 = 0´33 A = I2
I3 = Vo / Z3 = 4 / 6 = 0´66 A = I4
P1 = Vo · I1 = 4 · 0´33 = 1´32 W = P2
P3 = Vo · I3 = 4 · 0´66 = 2´64 W
Pt = 1´32 + 1´32 + 2´64 + 2´64 = 7´90 W
No esta bien montado o adaptado, porque es superior y el amplificador solo le pasaría que podría perder potencia.
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Enviado por: Overon Idioma: castellanoPaís: España