REPORTED SPEECH
Utilizamos el estilo indirecto cuando queremos comunicar a alguien lo que otra persona ha dicho, sin usar las palabras exactas que ésta utilizó.
Reported statements (oraciones declarativas)
| ESTILO DIRECTO | ESTILO INDIRECTO |
| Presente simple I train every day | Pasado simple He said (that) he trained every day |
| Presente continuo I'm having a shower | Pasado continuo He said (that) he was having a shower |
| Pretérito Perfecto We haven't seen it yet | Pretérito pluscuamperfecto They said they hadn't met her |
| Pasado simple I met her at 3 | Pretérito pluscuamperfecto He said he had met her at 3 |
| Imperativo Be quiet | Infinitivo He told us to be quiet |
| ESTILO DIRECTO | ESTILO INDIRECTO |
| Can I can't swim | Could He said (that) he couldn't swim. |
| Will I'll send you a postcard | Would He said (that) he would send us a postcard. |
| Must / have (got) You must study more | Had to He said (that) we had study more |
| May It may be true | Might He said (that) it might be true |
Los otros verbos modales no cambian.
-
El verbo introductor en los estilos directo e indirecto suele ser say . En el estilo directo, cuando el verbo va sseguido de un objeto de persona, podemos emplear say to, o bien tell.
Ejemplo:
`I'm hungry', he said to me
`I'm working tonight', he told me.
Sin embargo en el estilo indirecto , sólo se utilizaría told.
| ESTILO DIRECTO | ESTILO INDIRECTO |
| THIS | THAT |
| HERE | THERE |
| TODAY | THAT DAY |
| YESTERDAY | THE DAY BEFORE |
| TOMORROW | THE NEXT DAY/THE FOLLOWING DAY |
| TONIGHT | THAT NIGHT |
| TOMORROW MORNING | THE FOLLOWING MORNING |
| YESTERDAY AFTERNOON | THE PREVIOUS AFTERNOON |
| NEXT WEEK/MONTH/YEAR | THE FOLLOWING WEEK/MONTH/YEAR |
| LAST WEEK/MONTH/YEAR | THE PREVIOUS WEEK/MONTH/YEAR |
| A WEEK/MONTH/YEAR AGO | A WEEK/MONTH/YEAR BEFORE |
b)Reported questions (Oraciones interrogativas)
| ASK KNOW (NOT) KNOW WANT WONDER |
Los cambios de los tiempos verbales son los mismos que los de las oraciones declarativas indirectas
Nota: El orden de las palabras de la pregunta original cambia al orden de una oración declarativa. El sujeto va inmediatamente detrás del pronombre interrogativo, y el verbo, detrás del sujeto.
Ejemplo:
| He | said | `What is her name?' |
| He | Asked Wondered Wanted to know Didn't know | What her name was. |
Las Yes/no questions van introducidas por las conjunciones if o whether.
Ejemplo:
He said, `Can I use your pen?'
He asked me if / whether he could use my pen.
b)Reporting verbs (Verbos introductores del estilo indirecto)
-
Oración introducida por that:
| Say - tell (+ objeto) - explain - suggest - insist - promise - warn - admit - agree - remind claim - complain - reply |
Ejemplos:
He promised that he would paint the house the followin week.
She suggested we should stay at home.
She told me that she would arrive late
-
Verbo + objeto + to + infinitivo:
| Ask - tell - order - advise - warn - invite |
Ejemplos:
They asked us to stay longer.
She warned me to be careful
-
Verbo acabado en -ing.
| Apologise for - suggest - recommend - admit - insit on - accuse someone of |
Ejemplos:
They acused him of robbing the bank.
They admitted stealing the money.
REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS.-
Introductory verbs: the verb “say” may introduced commands in direct speech but it must be changed to a verb of command in reported speech, e.g.: beg, command, forbid, order, tell, know, ask... + personal object without preposition.
Indirect commands are usually expressed by a verb of command + object without preposition + to infinitive.
Negative commands are usually reported by not + to infinitive.
When we turn a command into reported speech, it is necessary to change the pronouns and possessive adjectives and adverbs of time and place as in the statements.
Estilo indirecto
Estilo indirecto
Estilo indirecto
